India's Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman announced a ₹20,000 crore ($2.4 billion) Nuclear Energy Mission focused on research and development of small modular reactors in India's Union Budget speech in February 2025 — operationalising five indigenously developed SMRs by 2033. This was followed by the SHANTI Act enacted in December 2025 creating the legal framework for private sector participation. BARC is developing the BSMR-200 (200 MWe), SMR-55 (55 MWe), and a 5 MWth HTGR. Three Indian nuclear entities removed from the US export control list in January 2025 further opens technology cooperation.