EDF is partnering with Italy's Edison, ENEA, MAIRE, and NEXTCHEM for E-Factory industrial cluster applications — deploying SMRs to power and heat co-located chemical and industrial facilities. Italy signed the 11-country EU nuclear declaration in 2024 after decades of post-Chernobyl opposition. The E-Factory model represents one of the most innovative industrial SMR deployment concepts in Europe targeting hard-to-abate sectors.