NPCIL is India's state nuclear utility operating all 24 commercial nuclear reactors generating approximately 8.8 GW. The SHANTI Act of December 2025 ends NPCIL's monopoly, allowing private companies to participate in nuclear power for the first time. However, NPCIL is expected to remain the dominant operator while private companies and foreign partners enter as JV participants (up to 49% FDI). NPCIL's fleet includes Pressurised Heavy Water Reactors (PHWRs) and Light Water Reactors (LWRs). India plans to construct 10 new PHWR units of 700 MWe each alongside the SMR programme. NPCIL is a public sector enterprise under India's Department of Atomic Energy, responsible for the design, construction, commissioning and operation of India's nuclear power reactors; it is constructing additional units including the VVER-1000 reactors at Kudankulam in partnership with Russia's Atomstroyexport. (Another record counts 22 operating reactors against 24 here.)
Government of India